Exercise Oncology Basics

Exercise oncology is the use of planned, individualized exercise to support people before, during, and after cancer treatment. It is a growing, evidence-based field that recognizes physical activity as an important part of cancer care.

Cancer and its treatments can affect strength, energy, mobility, balance, mental health, and overall quality of life. Exercise oncology uses movement to help people manage these effects and maintain function throughout the cancer journey.

Why Exercise Matters in Cancer Care

Reduce Fatigue & Improve Energy

Exercise is one of the most effective ways to reduce cancer-related fatigue. Regular movement helps people feel more energized and capable in daily life.

Build Strength & Physical Capacity

Targeted exercise helps maintain or rebuild muscle and bone strength, supporting posture, mobility, and the ability to perform everyday tasks.

Support Mental & Emotional Health

Exercise can reduce anxiety and depression, improve mood, and help people feel more confident and in control of their bodies during treatment.

Enhance Quality of Life & Long-Term Health

Staying active supports balance, independence, heart and lung health, and overall quality of life. In some cancers, regular physical activity is also linked to better long-term outcomes.

Exercise as Part of Cancer Care

Exercise plays an important role in supporting people living with cancer by helping manage side effects, maintain physical function, and improve overall well-being. When prescribed appropriately, exercise is safe and adaptable to each individual’s diagnosis, treatment stage, symptoms, and energy levels. Rather than focusing on performance or intensity, exercise in cancer care is used to support the body, promote confidence in movement, and help people maintain independence and quality of life throughout treatment and recovery.

Before, During, and After Treatment

Exercise oncology supports people at every stage of cancer care. Programs can help build physical reserve before treatment, manage side effects during treatment, and support recovery and long-term health afterward.